Emergence of the Cold War free essay sample

Before the finish of the war, the United States remained solitary. The finish of World War II for all intents and purposes left two of these superpowers, who helped end Hitler’s domain, at an intersection. The contention between the Soviet Union the United States and for command over the post World War II world developed before World War II had even finished. The two United States presidents who served their residency during the war (Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S Truman) and displeased Soviet pioneer Joseph Stalin never really confided in each other. Indeed, even through collaborating to cut down Nazi Germany and Adolf Hitler, this shared question really started as far back as 1917. In 1917, the United States was never on acceptable footing with the Bolshevik government that shaped after the Russian Revolution. Stalin likewise disdained the relationship the United States had with Great Britain all through the war. The United States and Great Britain didn't share atomic weapons research with the Soviet Union during the war in dread that an atomic plague may one-day rise due to the mass wealth of atomic warheads. Stalin was additionally irritated and apparently to some degree envious of Truman’s offering of after war alleviation assets to Great Britain and not stretching out any assistance to the USSR. There were numerous different variables that added to the contentions between the United States and Soviet Union approaches however they would all be able to be summarized by single word: Power. US international strategy was given a truly considerable fateful opening post World War II. In the wake of assuming a significant job in the annihilation of the Nazi Germany super force, post-war consequences were basically directed by the United States. With the support of Stalin and the Soviet Union, the United Nations was additionally framed to stop wars among nations, and to give a stage to exchange. The United Nations meant to encourage participation in universal law, worldwide security, monetary turn of events, social advancement, human rights, and accomplishment of world harmony . Albeit together on the United Nations front, arrangement activities taken by the United States varied extraordinarily from those of the Soviet Union. While under the magnifying lens of the whole world, President Harry S. Truman considered this to be a chance to spread majority rules system. US international strategy tried to advance a world rich brimming with private enterprise and liberated from socialism. Truman worked unendingly to tidy up the colossal chaos deserted after World War II by building up various worldwide associations that would advance equitable request and keep harmony between countries. After the United Nations, he made the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) while likewise subsidizing the reconstructing of a separated and obligation ridden Japan under the order of General Douglas MacArthur. In the wake of indicting Nazi war crooks at the Nuremberg preliminaries, Truman in 1947 additionally delineated the Marshall Plan, which put aside more than $10 billion for the reconstructing and reindustrialization of Germany. The Marshall plan was an immediate consequence of the Soviets reluctance to conform to universal request in looking after majority rules system, and it is one of the apex minutes that set up for the beginnings of the Cold War. Soviet international strategy contrasted significantly from the United States post World War II. The Soviet Union, under the standard of Stalin, had consistently been a radical society. There were two primary basics that drove Soviet international strategy. Right off the bat, Soviet international strategy has customarily been found as far as security, thus its solid enthusiasm for Eastern Europe after WWII. This territory gave potential intrusion courses into the Soviet Union. Stalin felt firmly about socialist standards and tried to spread his philosophy all through Europe while it was searching for course post World War II. The other key component of Soviet international strategy was its philosophy †Marxist-Leninism (the speculations of Marx as created by Lenin). A center conviction was to support and cultivate socialist insurgencies any place and at whatever point conceivable. This philosophy was at times observed as conflicting to the security f the Soviet Union in light of the fact that by spreading radical insurgency goals, it promoted examination from set up super powers (the United States and Great Britain), which undermined its security. Various commissions, chambers, and meetings were set up so as to decide post-war implications for European nations. The Council of Foreign Ministers (CFM), Far Eastern Advisory Commission (FEAC), Yalta Conference, Allied Control Council (A CC), and Paris Peace Conference were all instrumental in setting up a feeling of world request to help sort out European issue coming from World War II. There appeared to be an example of Soviet discontent all through these gatherings and meetings due to the minority political position they shared inside their Grand Alliance accomplices (the United States and Great Britain). In 1944, an update from the Maisky Commission to Molotov expressed that the Soviets goals were to â€Å"break Germany up into various pretty much free state formations†¦ Military, mechanical and ideological (reparations, particularly) reparations in labour†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Germany’s reparations were one of the fundamental segments that started to cause pressure taking care of into United States versus Soviet international strategy. In February of 1945, at the Yalta Conference held in Russia, the Soviets proposed German reparations of $20,000,000,000 be paid, half of which would go to the Soviets. This was a number that was laughed at by the Grand Alliance. It was apparent that Soviet approach expected to spread socialism all through war-ridden Europe, particularly through their reparation requests. Pressures rose at the Potsdam Conference in regards to Soviet conduct in Germany at the war’s end, a working paper of United States assignment expressed â€Å"Payment of reparations should leave adequate assets to empower the German individuals to stay alive without outer assistance†¦ every one of these expulsions were in finished infringement of all endeavors to keep up ‘non-war potential’ businesses in Germany†¦ What we saw adds up to sorted out vandalism coordinated not the only one against Germany, however against US powers of occupation† Stalin’s strategy on Germany was basically to ensure they never represented a danger to Soviet presence again by covering them while they were down post-war. An exemplary fight for the eventual fate of German belief system existed, socialism versus majority rules system, Stalin versus Truman. Joseph Stalin’s best approach for the Soviet system accompanied the portion of the â€Å"Iron Curtainâ €  at the Yalta Conference. The Iron Curtain was both a physical and an ideological division that spoke to the manner in which Europe was seen after World War II. Toward the east of the Iron Curtain were the nations that were associated with or impacted by the previous Soviet Union. These included: Poland, Eastern Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Austria. Stalin was likewise ready to finagle strategies that gave Soviet occupation on the Iron Curtain too. These nations included: Korea, China, Albania, Yugoslavia, and Iran. The Soviet fortress of Eastern Europe was viewed as a danger to the United States and Great Britain in light of the danger of socialism and perpetual breaks between nations. Despite the fact that unexpectedly enough, the Soviet occupation was bolstered by the United States at the Yalta Conference. Outside Minister Molotov saw majority rules system as a danger to the Soviet Union and moreover would prompt global control by the United States. In the Novikov wire, Molotov states â€Å"the international strategy of the United States, which reflects settler propensities of American monopolistic capital, is described in the after war time frame by a making progress toward world supremacy† Stalin likewise started to become desirous of the United States relationship with Great Britain, explicitly with the post bellum advances made and this is reflected in the wire: â€Å"The current relations among England and the United States, in spite of the impermanent accomplishment of concurrences on significant inquiries, are tormented with extraordinary inside logical inconsistencies and can't be enduring. In tolerating the advance, England ends up in a specific budgetary reliance on the United States from which it won't be anything but difficult to free herself†¦ The goal has been to force the desire of different nations on the Soviet Union† Molotov at that point proceeds to make reference to that the main thing rema ining in the middle of the United States and global control would be a war with the Soviet Union. The United States didn’t have the most pleasant words to state about the Soviets either after World War II. In February of 1946, George Keenan, a youthful State Department master positioned in Moscow, drafted his acclaimed â€Å"long telegram†. This communicated a perspective on Soviet force as a â€Å"intractable† adversary, bowed on an expansionist arrangement to spread its capacity and impact, which turned into the premise of American Cold War strategy. Kennan capably states, â€Å"World socialism resembles a threatening parasite which takes care of just on unhealthy tissue†¦ Many outside people groups, in Europe in any event, are worn out and scared by encounters of the past, and are less intrigued by unique opportunity than in security. They are looking for direction as opposed to duties. We ought to be preferred capable over Russians to give them this. What's more, except if we do, Russians surely will† The alert sounded by Keenan appeared to be affirmed by Moscow’s developing impact all through the world. Stalinist occupations in France, Italy, Greece and Vietnam appeared to be presented to take power. European countries confronted tremendous strain to de-colonize their pre-war domains, especially the Near East and Asia. The Truman organization grasped a system of control to obstruct any additionally spread of Russian force. The spread of socialism infl

A monopoly from start to finish Essay Example for Free

A restraining infrastructure through and through Essay ? During out investigations this term we have taken in a ton about a Monopolistic way an organization can move in the business market and I might want to invigorate your psyche by offering a reasonable definition. A Monopoly is a circumstance where a substance, either an individual or an industry or association, is the sole provider of a specific decent or administration. All things considered, this provider has no opposition from different providers and can control the market estimation of the product. A few imposing business models are government-authorized or controlled, while others structure normally or through organization merger. As indicated by our focal point of this paper, we are getting some information about the since quite a while ago run serious harmony of the Wonks Company that was acquiring an ordinary pace of return and were contending in a monopolistically serious market structure. One of the inquiries we should answer with respect to this adjustment in business structure is the way the company’s move to a restraining infrastructure will profit the partners in question. One of the partners who might be included is the administration. Imposing business models endorsed by the legislature are called lawful syndications. These are viewed as coercive syndications, implying that different organizations are prohibited by law to contend with them. Governments likewise keep up some command over restraining infrastructures through rivalry laws, which keep imposing business models from taking part in deceitful or hostile to serious practices (http://www. reference. com/theme/Society/points of interest drawbacks of-imposing business models). The subsequent inquiry is the means by which a Monopoly will influence different organizations and after research it is very evident from the meaning of a syndication that different organizations don't need to stress over rivalry from different organizations in a similar market. Buyers are influenced by this change since they should either buy the item or administration from the imposing business model or manage without it. At the point when an organization advances from a monopolistically serious firm to a restraining infrastructure, there will be changes with respect to costs and yield from both of these market structures. Along these lines, let’s investigate how costs are influenced when a firm turns into a restraining infrastructure. A typical practice among certain imposing business models is value segregation, in which the monopolist charges a few fragments of the populace more than others for a similar item or administration, in view of a more serious need or a wealthier buyer base. This would for the most part be called value fixing which is an understanding between members on a similar side in a market to purchase or sell an item, administration, or ware just at a fixed cost, or keep up the economic situations to such an extent that the cost is kept up at a given level by controlling gracefully and request. At the point when the syndication can keep purchasers from exchanging their item, they might have the option to value segregate to emphasize the impacts of imposing business model force. As I would like to think the most significant gathering that is influenced by a Monopoly are the shoppers. Restraining infrastructures can affect shopper costs in two clearly various ways, they can make costs drop so low that it powers organizations bankrupt or it a reason costs to soar making it hard for customers to buy an item, nor being a decent alternative for the purchaser. In the event that one business is the main supplier of an item or administration, the shopper is compelled to follow through on whatever the cost they request. This can likewise prompt the organization giving a low quality item or administration unafraid of losing business (Home, 2009). Since imposing business models are the main supplier, they can set practically any value they pick, paying little heed to request, since they realize the shopper must choose between limited options. Is this kind of thing reasonable for shoppers? Obviously not, yet it is the means by which large business can keep steady over the market. For instance, a great many people find that Apple items have an unbelievable sticker price, yet I have come to discover that the nature of their items is extraordinary and I gauge that Apple will keep on ascending in prominence for a considerable length of time to come. It has additionally become obvious that since Monopolies attempt to screen the cost of items they may turn to value segregation. Value segregation is once in a while characterized as the act of a firm selling a homogeneous product simultaneously to various buyers at various costs . Obviously, I trust it is critical to get what and how value separation happens. â€Å"Price segregation exists when two comparative items which have the equivalent negligible expense to create are sold by a firm at various costs. This kind of training is profoundly dubious as far as its effect on the two purchasers and rivals† (Price Discrimination, 2006, p. 1). There are numerous approaches to achieve these kind of conditions on the grounds that the exchanges definitely need not be synchronous; surely, there is transient segregation, for example, between Sunday rates and week, day rates, early show and night costs, top rates and off-top rates, season and slow time of year costs. To sell various characteristics or items with various negligible expense at a similar cost, or to purchase various characteristics or elements of various proficiency at a similar cost, is additionally prejudicial. In light of the entirety of this valuable data we should likewise respond to the inquiry with respect to which market structure is increasingly advantageous for Wonks to work in and will this market structure advantage buyers? As I would see it depends fair and square of value and administration of the items and how much customers are eager to pay for the items they need to buy. In a monopolistic serious market the shopper may decide to buy a substitute item at a lower cost, yet just if the purchaser esteems cost over worth. Obviously with a restraining infrastructure there might be just a couple of organizations offering a substitute item. On the off chance that one company’s item turns out to be excessively high in value, the buyer will in the long run search for another brand that offers comparative use. As indicated by market analyst, the monopolistic competitor’s request bend is less versatile than an unadulterated contender and more flexible than an unadulterated monopolist. Monopolistic contenders have abundance limit which implies that less organizations working at limit could gracefully the business yield. It is my feeling that Wonks may work more advantageously as a Monopoly than at a Monopolistic Competitive firm since they won't have as much rivalry to manage and they can corner the market with worth and cost. Assets: 1. McChesney, F. S. , Shughart II, W. F. , and Haddock, D. D. (2004). ON THE INTERNAL CONTRADICTIONS OF THE LAW OF ONE PRICE. Financial Inquiry, 42(4), 706-716. doi:10. 1093/ei/cbh091 2. Mainwaring, L. L. (1977). Syndication POWER, INCOME DISTRIBUTION AND PRICE DETERMINATION. Kyklos, 30(4), 674. 3. https://www. fcsknowledgecenter. com/transfers/2011_Row_Crops_Industry_Perspective. pdf 4. http://scholastic. udayton. edu/lawrenceulrich/Stakeholder%20Theory. pdf 5. http://www. answers. com/subject/mergers-and-acquisitions 6. http://www. helium. com/things/1405663-what-is-an imposing business model what-do-syndications do-how-is-the-economy-influenced by-restraining infrastructures 7. Case, K. E. , Fair, R. C. , and Oster, S. E. (2009) Principles of Microeconomics (ninth ed). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. A restraining infrastructure from beginning to end. (2017, Apr 30).

All Applicants Can Now Apply For Either Early or Regular Action

All Applicants Can Now Apply For Either Early or Regular Action I wanted to let you know of a change in the admissions process for the forthcoming admissions cycle. As you may know, in the past international students (students without US citizenship or permanent residency, including undocumented students) could not apply to MIT during the Early Action (EA) admissions round. We are pleased to announce that, beginning with this coming admissions cycle (which will begin soon!), the restriction on international students applying early will end. All students, regardless of citizenship or location, will be able to apply for either admissions round, EA or RA. Other aspects of our policy will not change, including: We are a non-binding, non-restrictive Early Action school. There is no preference in our process for early applicants. We use the same procedures for admission during EA and RA. MIT limits the number of international undergraduates each year. As such, MIT admission is even more competitive for international students applying from overseas. Applying for financial aid will not negatively affect a students admission. Most MIT students, and nearly all international students, are on financial aid. Our deadlines will also remain the same, with a November 1 deadline for Early Action. The last acceptable testing date for EA is the November testing date. Were looking forward to reading both EA and RA applications from a broad cross-section of students.   Best wishes!

The Stigma Of Mental Health Stigma - 1178 Words

To many a stigma is a disgraceful flaw, that of a negative presence. In mental health this stigma is overwhelming. Approximately 57.7 million Americans experience a mental health disorder in any given year. (National Alliance on Mental Illness) People in dire need of help are not seeking it. Mental illnesses are going undiagnosed. The mental health stigma is having a negative impact on the proper diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses. A stigma can simply be defined as a mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality or person. In the world of mental health the presence of a stigma is astronomical. As Bill Clinton once said, â€Å"Mental illness is nothing to be ashamed of but stigma and bias shame us all.† (Clinton) False beliefs about mental illness can cause significant dilemma. People may face discrimination at work or school and endure bullying or harassment. Such discrimination and harassment can have a profound effect on individuals. â€Å" It can cause embarrassment and shame, leading those with illnesses to try to conceal their problems and avoid help.† (Toyoshiba) But what exactly is mental illness? As described by the National Alliance on Mental Illness, mental illness is a biologically-based brain disorder; as many as 57.7 million Americans are struck down by mental illness on any given year. (National Alliance on Mental Illness) â€Å"Mental Illness is the second leading cause of disability in major market economies such as the United states,Show MoreRelatedThe Stigma Of Mental Health968 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION The stigma in mental health system is deep rooted and its origin goes back by centuries. The stigma is powerful that it has been codified in federal since last 50 years. But the realization that the stigma attached adversely affects mental health care system is still lacking. The discrimination against mental illness has invaded the systemic structure causing more worries to sufferers of mental illness and their families. While every individual and system is well aware of mental illness andRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Health1095 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION The stigma in the mental health system is deeply rooted and its origin goes back by centuries. The stigma is powerful that it has been codified in federal since last 50 years. But the realization that the stigma attached adversely affects mental health care system is still lacking. The discrimination against mental illness has invaded the systemic structure causing more worries to sufferers of mental illness and their families. While every individual and system is well aware of mental illnessRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Health1992 Words   |  8 PagesAmerica is a country so focused on changing physical health. The real question though is why is mental health being ignored? Mental health is an issue that is ravaging our country from the inside out. Our mentally ill are being stigmatized against just because they are seen more different than the rest of society. Upon further research into the subject it is showing that this issue is beginning with our youth. This discrimination aga inst the mentally ill we are taught leaks into our adult lives whichRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Health1785 Words   |  8 PagesThe Stigma on Mental Health is an issue I strive to expose daily. I was raised by a parent who suffers from mental health and addictions issues and then had a child with someone with similar issues. More recently I have witnessed my best friend struggle to find support for her eight year old son who has a complex clinical profile. Watching so many people I love struggle daily to receive support and basic empathy, I feel I have become somewhat of an expert on the effects of stigma on mental healthRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Health1990 Words   |  8 PagesPeople with mental disorders were considered as vulnerable in the society due to the limitations in their rights. Such a situation of individuals cause oppressions as a result of dominant discourse prejudice. The capabilities of people with mental health histories often underestimated by the community . The result of such discrimination is devastating for individuals with mental health concerns. The focus of mental health intervention has undergone changes since its introduction. The treatment servicesRead MoreThe Stigma Associated With Mental Health1641 Words   |  7 PagesMost people with mental health illness feels diminished, devalued, and fearful because of the prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behaviours that society held towards them. The stigma associated with mental health illness often marginalized and disenfranchises the affected individuals and families in the society, which means that they â€Å"may experience discrimination in areas of health care, employment, education, justice, and housing†(1). The feeling of fear to be discriminated against limitedRead MoreReducing Mental Health Stigma1854 Words   |  8 PagesReducing Mental Health Stigma As a member of college society, what are you doing to prevent mental health stigma? We live in the world where it is a great deal to be accepted by others and get approved, and college is the place where most students rush to get this acceptance. It is a beginning of independence and new experiences for students. Most students leave their house and start the first step of building a whole new future; no parents are there to tell them what is right and what is wrong,Read MoreMilitary And Mental Health Stigma2723 Words   |  11 Pages Military Mental Health Stigma SOWK 636 Kari Brown University of Southern California Introduction There is concern about military service members receiving stigma about getting or needing treatment in the area of mental health. Stigma occurs when individuals view others negatively because they have been labeled or identified as having a deviant behavior against societal norms; deviant behaviors such as mental illnesses or diagnoses uncommon or harmful to others. How does thatRead MoreReducing Mental Health Stigmas1195 Words   |  5 PagesReducing Mental Health Stigmas According to the National Alliance of Mental Health, 1 in 5 adults in the United States of America experience mental illness in a given year (NAMI, 2017). Out of those adults, not all will seek out mental health services. If there are services in the community being offered, why are the services not utilized more often by these individuals? There may be many barriers that preventRead Moreessay of mental health stigma1806 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿INTRODUCTION Stigma can be expressed in various term, it can be a brand, labelling or identification. It is a differentiation of a person resulting to a boundary between â€Å"us† and â€Å"them† (Link and Phelan 2001). These affect consumers in a way they are discriminated and treated differently because they have mental illness. The effect of stigma can take away the rights of consumers who are suffering from mental illness causing social dilemmas (SANE Australia 2013). A survey shows 74% of consumers

The Cover Of Long Division - 1350 Words

The cover of Long Division, by Kiese Laymon, pictures a rusted, broken chain. This symbol, along with the setting of the book suggests the strong history of slavery in the South. That unfortunate history carries with it the idea of otherness—an idea of being valued and devalued based on skin color – an idea central to Laymon’s story. Long Division shows throughout three time periods that while the African American race progresses, it never arrives at full equality. In each time period — 1964, 1985, and 2013 — the African-American characters find the threat of racial discrimination and violence. Looking into the book chronologically, Laymon allows 1985 City to travel to 1964 during the heat of segregation. City experienced firsthand the†¦show more content†¦Since he is from 1985, it reveals that race relations have progressed positively since. In 1964, they are hunted and haunted by the Ku Klux Klan, who hope to preserve segregation and stop the activists who have come to Mississippi. He didn’t seem very concerned with the threat the Klan posed. At the time he was actually more concerned with Shalaya liking Evan than anything else. Well, I know that you can’t travel through time with a girl and save folks from the Klan and not kiss them unless you’re slightly deformed or unless you smell like death. And even then, there’s still gonna be some serious grinding going on. Serious grinding. (136) This shows, once again, that City, having grown up only twenty years later was one hundred years removed from severity of the situation involving the Klan. He didn’t know to be afraid of it because he had never personally experienced the threat that the group posed. 2013 proves to have progressed, but there is still hopelessness in the air. 2013 City competes in a post-spelling-bee-age competition called â€Å"Can You Use That Word in a Sentence.† The book begins with the events leading up to and during this competition. Early in the book, Laymon shows the reader that these characters are up against something much older, much more powerful, and much more disheartening than the group of adolescents they were to compete against. Lavander sarcastically explains this theme: African Americans are generally a

How have human activities shaped the landscape between Prawle Point and Start Bay Free Essays

On day two, we analysed the human home settlements found in the villages of Hallsands, Beesands and Torcross. The whole aim of doing this was to find how these man made homes and settlements have affected the land at each village, and how other human activities have affected these settlements vulnerability to coastal damage, as how the natural coastline has developed due to this. We also looked at how these settlements have used man made sea defences t help protect them from coastal attacks. We will write a custom essay sample on How have human activities shaped the landscape between Prawle Point and Start Bay? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Route Firstly, here is the route we took along the coast from Start point (red) to Torcross (green), passing both Beesands and Hallsands along the way. Hallsands – Description When we visited Hallsands we noticed that it was had very small population, with little human settlements which were all near each other. Hallsands also had many narrow rough roads throughout the village and was ear the shore. Hallsands – History Between the years 1894-1903 the shingle beach close to Hallsands was lowered by 1.4m, due to the continuous taking of the shingle to build the dockyards at Plymouth. This made the village of Hallsands extremely vulnerable and open to floods from the waves of the sea. In 1917 a storm with 10m waves destroyed the now unprotected village of Hallsands which was no longer protected by the defensive beach it once had. Hallsands – Present Sea defences Since the destructive storm of 1917 Hallsands has created new man made sea defences to ensure is constantly protected from future storms. You can see present day evidence of this when visiting Hallsands as it now has rip-rap, groups of large rocks stacked together, which break up strong waves and the energy they contain whilst they travel, reducing the impact when they hit these rocks. Beesands – Description Compared with Hallsands, the village of Beesands had more human settlements dispersed throughout its land, with large areas of space between them, although thy were all generously within the same perimeter. Like Hallsands however, Beesands also had various narrow roads and is located near the shore. Beesands – History The village of Beesands is continuously vulnerable to flooding due to its beach having a lack of shingle moving northwards along the coastline, by long shore drift. There is no new source of shingle as its origins are 40km out in Start Bay. Beesands – Present Sea defences In the village of Beesands rip-rap was put down to help defend against the sea waves, but was quickly eroded and in 1992 a sea wall was built, along with gabions, which still stands today. The sea wall works by pushing the wave back on itself therefore breaking the impact of the wave and the energy it carries, Gabions work similar to rip rap meaning the also break up the energy of the wave and reduce its impact in the collision. Tocross – Description Tocross, like Beesands also had a larger amount of human settlements which were found generally close to each other. However, tit was easily noticeable that the houses were pointing at different angels and varied in different shapes ad seizes. Also, compared to both Beesands and Hallsands Torcross was further away from the shore, although still near. Torcross – History In 2001, a destructive storm occurred near the village of Torcross and the continuous collision of waves, due to its vulnerability damaged the road along Slapton sands. Torcross – Present Sea defences Like Beesands, the village of Torcross choose to build a sea wall after the destructive storm to help protect against sea waves in the future. This still stands today and can be seen when visiting the village. Sea Defences – Disadvantages Although these man made sea defences provide secure safety for many years to these human settlements within the villages, they come with a disadvantage of being incredibly expensive, which can therefore weaken the overall economy of the village itself. You can see the scale of how expensive these defences are when calculating the cost of the rip-rap and sea wall found at Beesands. Below is the calculation of the cost of these sea defences: Rip-rap Rip-rap = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3,000 per metre Length of Rip-rap = 254metres Cost of Rip-rap in Beesands – à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3,000 x 254 = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½762000 Seawall Seawall = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3500 per metre Length of Seawall = 254metres Cost of Seawall in Beesands – à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3,500 x 254 = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½889000 Gabions Gabions = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100 per metre Length of Gabions = 254metres Cost of Gabions in Beesands – à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100 x 254 = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½254000 Value of property Now we know the full cost of the sea defences found in Beesands we need to find whether these sea defences are actually worth the money provided they protect these homes. To find this we need to calculate the cost of all the properties found in Beesands and compare it the cost of the sea defences’. Below is the calculation for the value of these properties found in Beesands: Residential Properties Residential properties = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½150,000 per floor 25 houses (2 floors each) Cost of residential properties – à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½150,000 x 50 = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½750,000 Commercial Properties Commercial properties = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½170,000 per floor 4 businesses (3x2floors, 1x1floor) Cost of commercial properties = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½170,000 x 7 = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1190000 Overall cost of sea defences = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1905000 V Overall cost of properties = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1940000 As you can see the cost of the sea defences in Beesands appears to be worth the safety of the properties which are there, although there is only a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½35,000 difference in the values of the sea defences compared to the value of the properties. This means that although the sea defences aren’t costing more then the settlements which are there, the overall economies of Beesands would be affected by the costs of it. The Future Although for now Beesands, Hallsands and Torcross are generally protected from minor occurring storms, the face major dilemmas on what they will need to do to help protect them in the future. This will be determined by two major factors. Ageing Population The first is the increasingly ageing population dispersed throughout Britain. In the years to come more and more people will be retiring and face the possibility of moving nearer to the coast. If this were to happen then the village will need to consider whether they will gain enough money to support the village with more sea defences. Global Warming The second major factor is global warming. With the frequency of occurring storms continuously increasing will the village be able to protect itself from the increasing occurring storms in the future. Possibilities There are two major possibilities that these three villages could consider to do. The first is to simply stop spending money on sea defences and allow nature to take its course, possibly resulting in many storms and therefore floods to the village. The second is to continue spending money on further sea defences although they cant be sure how successful they will be and for how long. My Conclusion I personally think that the villages should invest in further sea defences even though they will cost the economy of the villages dearly. This is because if they chose not to invest in the defences and admit defeat then these villages will eventually be completely destroyed and lost forever; therefore these sea defences are vital in securing the long term protection of these settlements. I also think that even though sea defences seem extremely expensive and someone people may think they are not worth it, if there are no sea defence mechanisms at all to protect these settlements then there will be no hope at all for these settlements to survive from whatever they are exposed to in the future. How to cite How have human activities shaped the landscape between Prawle Point and Start Bay?, Papers

Marketing for Careem Transportation Services- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMarketing for Careem Transportation Services. Answer: Purpose statement: This is a report of investigation of a target market and the buying intentions of customers in Careem Parking Lot service. This service is believed to provide efficiency to customers in ordering their daily private transportation around the cities in Careem transportation Network Company. Thesis statement: The goal of this report is to analyze how the customers will take the new service of accessing Careem cabs services offline without necessarily logging into Careem application. Background information of the study: Locating the Parking Lot services in densely populated places like cities and places of attraction, will positively influence Careem Company operations due to a wider market(Cooper, et al., 2016). Moreover, this will be beneficial to Careem Customers as they will easily access transportation services without necessarily using their phones to order rides. The service will also save customers time as they will not have to wait for their ordered cabs to find them. The target market: Locating Careem Company Parking lots services at the cities and places of attraction will expose the company to all type of people; the business professionals, families with kids and anyone who does not own or is unable to operate a motor vehicle. This will make private transportation more convenient, reliable and enjoyable to the customers. Moreover, big nightlife scenes, sporting, theater events and big celebration areas will be a target market for Careem transportation services(Kumar N, 2011). Opening these parking lots will also be a marketing plan and strategy for Careem to keep close their customers and also it will give people who are not in access of the internet an opportunity to order their cabs and be transported to their destination at ease. The company will obviously increase their sales as the parking lots will cover those people who cannot reach their phones or maybe they lack the internet to order their rides. Moreover, customers who need the taxi so urgently can get in the parking lot and pick a taxi that is readily available at the parking bay. Moreover, different age groups of the population will access the transportation services for instance pupils who do not have phones can easily go to the parking lot and get a taxi to take them home from school which will increase the firms sales (Vettori, 2012). In addition, establishing of more Parking Lot service providers in the cities will mean that the business shall be expanding and becoming a bigger. This will in return create more employment opportunities to the society which shall automatically lead to improvement of living standards of people in the country. Lastly, creation of these Parking Lot service providers shops all over the cities will create awareness to customers and thus advertising the Careem transportation services to other members of the public(Steven, 2013). Conclusion: Opening new Careem Parking Lot service providers all over the cities and places of attraction will be so beneficial to the company. This is due to a ready market that will be available in these densely populated areas. Moreover, the customers will easily get taxi services even if the forgot to carry their phones or maybe when their phones are out of battery. References Cooper, J., Ray, M. John, N., 2016. Taxi! Urban Economics and the SOcietal and Transport Impacts of Taxicab. London: Taylor and Francis .Kumar, A. N, M., 2011. Marketing management. s.l.:Noida: Vikas Publishing House. Steven, J., 2013. Sensible small business advertising. s.l.:iUniverse. Vettori, S., 2012. population and changing labour market. s.l.:Gower publisher.

Can Animals Create A Culture Essays - Monkey, Animal Culture

Can Animals Create A Culture yvonne Can Animals Create a Culture? Many animals, such as a group of monkeys in Japan, were observed and proved that a development of animal culture is indeed possible. Culture, unlike instinctive behavior, is usually learned or taught. The unusual behavior that was specifically observed was a group of monkeys who developed a strange habit of washing their food before eating them. When a group of scientists observed them, they realized that it all began in 1952. One young female found potatoes on the beach and washed it before eating. Then, she demonstrated this technique to all her babies and friends. After 10 years, every monkey in the troop had picked up this habit also. This an example of a developed culture within a group of monkeys. Science Essays

buy custom Illegal Drugs essay

buy custom Illegal Drugs essay Most serious terrorist crimes are funded by illegal drugs like marijuana. However, its prohibition does not reduce this risk. In fact, prohibition acts as a catalyst to the growth of these cartels. This is because the cartels are not afraid of the war on marijuana. The prohibition leads to better prices and elimination of the smaller and inefficient cartels. The U.S interdiction efforts are therefore laughable since the prohibition only led to elimination of the obligation to pay tax. To the cartels, the only thr4eta to their business is guidance and counseling efforts aimed at dissuading people from taking marijuana. This can also be affirmed by the fact that lifting of alcohol ban in 1933 led to reduced murders and robberies. This implies that legalization of marijuana can lead to reduced crime incidences associated with it. Lifting of the ban on marijuana would give the cartel owners a legal way of solving business disagreements hence reducing murder and violent crimes. In the pre sent scenario, marijuana traders do not have a legal mechanism for settling their disputes and hence crime and murder remains their only alternatives. Prohibition of marijuana can only serve to increase corruption since police are tempted to take bribes in order to allow the trade to go on. Moreover, illegalization of the drug only serves to increase its price. This makes its users to commit more crimes in order to obtain the drug (Swlearning.com) According to a report from white house office of drug control policy, anti-marijuana efforts have not had any significant results on the reduction of the drug in the streets. Therefore, children are continually exposed to marijuana. Moreover, the dealers show off to children making the children to have the urge to get rich quickly. The children affected hence chose marijuana trade as opposed to legitimate jobs or even continuing with their education. Decriminalization of the drug would eliminate the drug traffickers who act as role models to young children. Lack of regulation in marijuana trade has resulted to many unregulated marijuana cartels .the cartels lure children into the trade. A study conducted in 2006 by national drug use and health (NSDUH) indicated that over 800000 adolescents are involved in the trade. The survey also indicated thatthe prevalence of a student having been given or offered marijuana at school ranges from 15.5- 38.7 percent. In 2005, the governments spent around 7 billion dollars to arrest and prosecute individuals for marijuana offences. However, the efforts did not bear fruits as studies show that more than 80 percent of high school students find obtain marijuana easily (Studyworld.com). Prohibition of marijuana does not work. Although a lot of money is spent in this effort, marijuana only becomes more available, less expensive and more potent. Studies have indicated that 81 percent of people aged 45 years in the US have used marijuana. Prohibition efforts have failed to reduce its consumption, violent crimes associated with its consumption and its distribution in the streets. The efforts have also not reduced its availability to its potential users nor has it reduced the profits obtained by the underground cartels through its trade. The current policy of prohibition only serves to marginalize and stigmatize marijuana users. This in turn inhibits their efforts to be productive or become gainfully employed. The policy also prohibits such people from seeking treatment against marijuana abuse for fear of being arrested. The users therefore continue suffering in darkness until they die out of its abuse (Frank 456). The government should not have a right to regulate what people do in private. People should be free to do what they want with their lives even if it is taking recreational drugs as long as this causes no harm to others. The government has no right to prevent or impose punishment on marijuana consumers since drug use is a victimless crime. Otherwise the government should also forbid overreacting since it causes more deaths than marijuana use annually. People who support the ban on the use of marijuana cite the public opinion. The current marijuana prohibition was imposed due to strong public support for political measures against irresponsible use of marijuana which presented unacceptable levels of harm to the users. The burden was eventually being transferred to the society. The public also sees marijuana use as a vice .it is a sign of weakness. The community therefore argues that it has a right to protect itself from the harm tthat can be caused by ma4rijuana users. Hence, the society sees continued prohibition as the only way to guard itself from the threat posed by the users. Gallup conducted a research in 2009 that indicated that 54 percent of the US population was against legalization of marijuana. Similar results were obtained in Australia where 79 percent of the population was found to be against its legalization (James 42). Organizations have also argued that marijuana should continue being prohibited since it poses health risks to the users. The government purports that marijuana is more dangerous than alcohol by up to six times. Marijuana has also been found to be more powerful than ever before. In the year 2000 the number of cases that were in need of emergency treatment for use of marijuana was more than six times higher than that of 1990 despite the fact that the number of users had not increased significantly. In 1999, 2500000 Americans were enrolled for drug abuse treatment against marijuana. Furthermore, marijuana also exposes its users to the threat of cancer. Marijuana has been found to contain 400 harmful chemicals including those found in cigars. Marijuanas short term effects are equally harmful. It results to loss of memory, low perception, the users find it hard to think and make decisions. Marijuana use also leads to loss of memory strength, increase in heart rate and anxiety. It is for t his reason that organizations have advocated for its continued prohibition (Hanford 16). It is true that the usage of marijuana poses a lot of threat both to the users and the society. It is a great health risk. The individuals who consume marijuana cannot be allowed to harm themselves or the members of the society. However, this cannot be done through prohibiting its use. Prohibiting its use only serves to0 complicate the problem. Besides, marijuana has some medicinal value. Therefore, the solution lies in legalizing its use and coming up with necessary legislations to control its usage. This will enable research on the drug to go on and hence ensure the users of its quality. Furthermore, legalizing it will enable it to be used in hospitals .this will be a great stride towards alleviating some of the problems faced by certain kinds of patients as explained above. Buy custom Illegal Drugs essay

DISCUSS THE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE ATTITUDES AN INDIVIDUAL MIGHT Essay

DISCUSS THE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE ATTITUDES AN INDIVIDUAL MIGHT ESPOUSE AND HIS OR HER BEHAVIOUR - Essay Example There appear to be two sides but the point where one side begins and the other side ends is not as divided as being drawn in by a straight line. It’s like traveling without actually leaving because your finger goes around but you end up where you began. The same idea goes for attitudes and behavioral choices we take. What catapults us to choose left over right and vice versa or doing right or wrong and evidently choosing one over the two? What leads an individual to act and think as he does and then act and think differently altogether? In understanding this, the working definitions which will ultimately set the pace for us in this article need to be clarified for purposes of discussion. Motivation and behavior, although loosely used in conversational English and interchanged conveniently, are two very different words in the study of psychology. Motivation is a goal-oriented behavior that varies in intensity and persistence, meaning we do the things we do because of a need to do it with reasons ranging from the logical to becoming illogical. It’s like eating because of hunger or plainly because its time to eat. People need people. Why? Because there is so much in us that craves approval, justification and belief that we find it in other people as well. It shapes us as the person we think we can be. And it leads us in bettering ourselves when we get the approval we want. Which is behavior†¦ it is then safe to assume that behavior gets us where we need to be but we need motivation to drive us to our desti nation. It is then imperative that we ask ourselves what comprises us to make the choices we do and what factors come into play that makes us the person we are. This is where social influence, norms and roles come into the fray. What moves us? Social Influence in the handouts highlights the source of the choices we make which is the influence of other people for our modified behavior. The amount of influence or behavior is significant

Cultural difference between the eastern and western Assignment

Cultural difference between the eastern and western - Assignment Example For such cultures, it is not uncommon to have more than one family living in single house. People from the East tend to put their families and community first before engaging in any activity. Western culture on the other hand focuses less on the family and more on the individual. For example, it is rare to find two American families living together. Instead, western cultures encourage people to stand on their own as opposed to relying on the family and community. Western cultures are highly individualistic and therefore the benefits to the individual are more important than those to the family and society. Secondly, these cultures differ in the way hierarchy and leadership is viewed. According to Eastern cultures, a leader is a powerful individual who is elevated above the rest in the society. For this reason, individuals show tremendous respect to those above them in the society. As a result, Eastern cultures rarely question or challenge the decisions made by leaders. For instance, in the workplace, top management is likely to make and impose rules to the staff members without being challenged. However, Western cultures emphasize on equality. Leaders are not seen as God-like figures but are viewed and treated almost equally with the rest. Leaders in Western countries are likely to be challenged more compared to their Eastern counterparts. Thirdly, Eastern and Western cultures have differing views when it comes to gender equality. Many Eastern cultures still believe that women are supposed to focus on raising the family and taking care of their husbands. In these cultures, a woman’s professional life is not important but rather the family life. On the contrary, gender equality is highly practiced in the West. It is common today to find women in Western countries taking up jobs that were previously reserved for men. Women in the Western world have tremendous freedom compared to those in Eastern countries. Forth, Eastern cultures

Marketing Of German Brand Bionade

Marketing Of German Brand Bionade The German brand BIONADE which produces and distributes organically lemonade brewed like beer but without alcohol {BIONADE #1}, tries to enter markets all over the world. {Dagmar Mussey 08/10/2007 #2}. With the threat of going bankrupt with its beer brewery {Dagmar Mussey 08/10/2007 #2}, the head of the company Leipold, tried to spread its product range and invented a brewed soft drink for children. With its superficial marketing strategy with just few money BIONADE managed to get known all over Germany in shortest time by sponsoring events and viral marketing. {Ralph Atkins #3} In 2009 the large German group Dr. Oetker bought with 70% the majority of BIONADE. {Weiguny 2009 #18} After distributing in most European countries since 2008 the companys aim is now, that their organic drink will become a Weltdrink.{Ralph Atkins 12.12.2007 #3} How BIONADE can reach the target and what they should considered, it is indicated in this paper on the example entering the US beverage market. Environmental Analysis BIONADE needs to analyse the market of US. The retailing market in the United States is very competitive and dynamic. Consumers can choose out of a large number of retailers. With the information of the internet consumers can easily compare all products and retailers. So retailing has been led to a hard job and you have to observe the consumers needs, because consumers have the power. {Weitz 2010 #4} Market trends BIONADE aims to go on the American beverage market. The carbonated drink sector is the most established in the soft drink industry with about 40% of the volume. {Jonathan Thomas 2010 #6} But the growth almost stagnates with just 1.2% growth rate and the share will fall more, because more consumer prefer healthier beverages like fruit juices, fruit based drinks or bottled water. In this case, there is a chance for BIONADE to put its organically healthy and nearly sugarless beverage on the US market. In addition it should be mentioned, that the market shares for sport and energy drinks within the carbonated soft drink segment has raised about 7% last year, and it is assumed that this trend will last. {Jonathan Thomas 2010 #6} The study, which was ordered by just-drinks, says that the fruit-based drinks are expected to remain strong. Customers BIONADEs target group are healthy, young consumers and aware of the health. Examining the consumers in US nowadays it can be noticed, that there is a change in lifestyle. For decreasing the problems of fat children, which has become a major issue in the US, the government planned to ban sugared drinks like Coca Cola from school. {Atkins 12.12.2007 #3} Consumers strive away from convenience and fast food to fresh cooked meals and healthy, organic products, which are traded fair. {Lifestyle Food and Drinks Future 2008 #10}Business Insides report Lifestyle Food and Drinks (2008) says in addition, that many habitants of the US do have work-related stress, which they try to compensate with healthy drinks and food to get more energy and fun. Additionally America has an ageing generation. These people do all their best to stay young and healthy. Therefore they consume e.g. many anti-ageing products, which aim this target group. Altogether there is a broad diversity of different reasons, why people want to live healthier, which is shown in the illustration 1. Figure : The complexity and diversity of modern lifestyles {Lifestyle Food and Drinks Future 2008 #10} Competitiors The beverage market is a strong market in the United States. Global players like Pepsi and Coca Cola are settled in America as well as the US brand Dr. Pepper. These three brands are in 2010 the best-selling companies, and most customers bought drinks of these companies. {Sector Soft Drinks Non-Alcoholic 2010 #11} They also try to establish healthier drinks, to follow the trend. Coca Cola put The Spirit of Georiga on the market, which is competitive lemonade to BIONADE. They also try to do a partnership with Honest Teas, which also is settled in the health and wellness segment.{Beverage World 2011 #13} Nestlà ©, who is also a big player one the beverage market, also put some health drinks, like ready-to-drink teas on the market. Viewing the global health drink and food segment it can there were more than 4000 new products came on the market in 2009, which are more than double as much as in five years ago.{Heather Landi #12} There is a keen competition in this field. Analysis and Theories With entering a new market there are many topics which should be considered. The SWOT analysis is a management tool which shows clearly arranged which strength and weaknesses a company has, and which opportunities and threats are given from the environment of a company. The points are aimed on the target, a company has. In this case it targets the entry of BIONADE on the American market. {Simon 2002 #9} Strengths Weaknesses Large Network Only breed lemonade Experience on other markets Large target group Good references in Europe Plans for adopting the product for the US market (new flavours) Unique product (the only brewed lemonade) Just one product site Workers with no knowledge Large Supply-Chain High costs New unknown market Opportunities Threats Changing Consumer Behaviour Growing sustainable and health market Growing Beverage Market Banning sugared drinks in schools Market niche Large Beverage Market Many Competitors like Coca Cola (Georgia) Other organic certificates in the US than in Europe Many other healthy drinks Figure : SWOT-analysis for BIONADE on the US-market {Simon 2002 #9} To get an overview of the market, Porter invented the tool Porters 5 Forces. {Porter 1998 #14} Porter has identified five competitive forces at work in every industry and every market. The expression of these forces determines the intensity of competition in an industry and thus its profitability and attractiveness. The objective of corporate strategy should therefore in looking for ways to weaken competitive forces in relation to the company itself. {Porter 1998 #14} Figure : Porters five forces {Porter 1998 #14} Analysing the American health beverage market, which BIONADE wants to enter, there is a variety of forces, which should be considered. Buyers: It can be a threat, because buyers have the force to choose other drinks. Substitutes: There are some substitutes. They are and mainly they will become a threat. There are not only other healthy lemonades but also bottled waters, ready-to-drink teas and fruit juices. Suppliers: Meanwhile there is no big threat by suppliers, because BIONADE exports its own bottles form Germany and uses the concentrate which is produced in its producing site in Germany. Potential Entrants: This would be the biggest threat. Because of the large market and the huge chance because of the trend of changing lifestyle, many competitors will get on the market. There will be keen competition which should be considered by entering the market and solutions must be found for each problem. Some solutions can be in the marketing mix, like pricing politic or with clever product placement. Strategies With its aim generating a larger turn-over, BIONADE entered the US market because there is a niche market. There is no other brewed lemonade in America, but there are customers who would buy healthy drinks. With this unique position, they have a chance to challenge other companies and take market share. {Doole 2004 #20} Because of the large competitors like Coca Cola and Pepsi, BIONADE should distinguish in marketing, product, product placement and aim with a unique marketing-mix at the target group to prevent other companies taking their business idea.{Kotabe 2008 #21} The best strategy for BIONADE was Differentiation. {Doole 2004 #20} Because of the flexibility of a SME, the company can meet customer needs very fast and can distinguish from other beverages. To have not a high level of risk BIONADE made a joint venture with a German noodle company, which piggybacks the product. This indirect exporting method can work, because both products are organic, but they are no competitive products. BIONADE can profit of the reputation of the noodles. As the noodle company does not have the knowledge in the beverage segment it would be a better strategy to get help of an agent, who knows the market. With direct export the companies risk shrinks but the cost raise. {Kotabe 2008 #21} BIONADE established a production site in the US. With this strategy they can save costs for transport, which are mainly the highest costs of the supply chain. {Kotabe 2008 #21} But with this strategy the quality of the beverage can decrease. The employees dont have the knowledge like the staff in Germany. In addition there is also the risk, that BIONADE does not sell as much as calculated and the assembly lines are not working to their full capacity. Recommendation To keep successful BIONADE can go different ways. There is the possibility of entering more markets, or to penetrate new markets or put new BIONADE products on the market. In this chapter is shown, how BIONADE can manage these two different paths of expanding the brands value. Staying competitive with entering new markets or products New Products ExistingAnsoff(1957) invented a method, which makes it for companies possible to generate more profit and growth. His theory is divided in four ways, which are entering new markets or inventing new products. This method can help BIONADE to succeed on the market during the next years. Existing Markets or segments New Figure : Ansoff matrix {H. Ansoff #15} Potential strategies are: Market development: BIONADE can generate growth with entering new markets with existing products, like BIONADE already has done in countries around the domestic market. There are the possibilities which are shown in chapter 4.1. It is recommended that BIONADE searches for a partner in US who supports the company by selling the beverage. A good partner could be McDonalds, because it changed the strategy to healthier food. There already exists a partnership between both in Germany, which can be expanded to North America. {Weiguny 2009 #18} Market penetration: In this field, Ansoff describes in his theory, there are is not much growth expected. {H. Ansoff #15} But BIONADE can use its experience to gain new customers on the existing market or sells more to regular customer. It can be aimed with setting up a marketing campaign like making cocktails with BIONADE. New product development: This strategy has more risks than just market penetration. {Thommen 2009 #16} It is useful to stay successful. BIONADE can remain successful on the existing market with introducing new flavours like Cranberry for the US market, new design of bottles or maybe thermo jugs of BIONADE to keep the beverage cool in summer. Diversification: The strategy of entering new markets with new products has the highest risk rate. {Thommen 2009 #16} BIONADES has a variety of possibilities from putting a sports drink on the US market or inventing sweets or ice cream for kids. But another strategy to stay competitive is to keep an eye on the global market trends and spread the beverage in more foreign markets. Entering new markets BIONADE is on shelves in almost in the whole northern part of the hemisphere, like in almost whole Western Europe, North America, and Russia, as it is shown on the map below. Figure : BIONADES current and potential market entries {Daniel Dalert #17} As the SWOT analysis shows in chapter 2.1 BIONADE has many opportunities and chances, not only in the US market. The trend to a healthier life exists in almost all Western countries. To expand the market, it is recommended to enter step-by-step all Western European countries, like the missing countries Portugal and the East European countries, with new special flavours adopted for the countries. Because of the short trade routes it could be made by exporting the bottles. If North America runs well, there is the opportunity to go to Australia, which is also a Western country with loads of sportive, healthy living people on the beaches. It could be the strategy to sell the beverage first on the coast in cafes and bars. With the same strategy like in Germany and with just low marketing campaign they could sponsor surfing contests. Also Brasilia is a good target market with healthy living, open-minded people. With their favourite trend fruit Acai berry there is even a flavour for this ma rket. Because of its hot climate there is the possibility to sell it as a healthy refreshing drink for day and night, even for cocktails. It is recommended not to concentrate to just a view countries, because the beverage market has keen competition. Entering more markets and to have in all countries a little market share is the key to BIONADEs success. Conclusion For BIONADE, there is still high potential to raise the growth like in the last few years, especially with entering new markets. {Weiguny 2009 #18} But BIONADE gets harsh critics, especially in Germany, because they had a change of their strategy. {Matthias Benirschke 05.02.2011 #19} It is said BIONADE is not that bio like they say and it is not any more a drink for a better world, and they stopped sponsoring some events. In Germany there is at the moment the threat of losing regular customers because of just trying to gain the highest profit. The target group is very sensible and should be taken very into account. {Matthias Benirschke 05.02.2011 #19} Appendices

To what extent is the American Constitution an elitist document?

To what extent is the American Constitution an elitist document? Why then did the framers provide for public participation in the political process? The best way to approach this assignment is to split it into two and answer first to what extent do I feel the American Constitution an elitist document. When this has been answered then it will be possible to move on to try to understand why the framers of the constitution provided for public participation in the political process. I should begin by saying that I think the Constitution is a very elitist document, but before I elaborate on that opinion I feel that it is necessary to firstly define what an ‘elite' is, and also to provide a bit of background information on the Constitution. An elite is defined by Webster's Dictionary as the best of a class; the socially superior part of society; or a group of persons who by virtue of position or education exercise power or influence. When we talk about elites though we have to bear in mind that they prize order and stability above all else, and if they can preserve the status quo they will, however this is diverting from the main question. It is perhaps the last part of the definition that is most relevant when we come to the American Constitution, and ask ourselves to what extent it is an elitist document. Before I come to that though I feel that it is necessary to explain how the Constitution of the United States of America came into being. Without going too far back into history, the thirteen North American colonies had rebelled against the British government after coming to see King George III and his colonial governors as tyrants, and also there were disputes over taxes that had to paid both to the colonial legislatures and the British government. These tensions reached a climax in 1775 and the American War of Independence broke out. This war lasted until 1783, when the British granted independence to each of the thirteen colonies. Each of the thirteen states were now independent and bound together under a loose agreement called the Articles of Confederation (AOC). The Articles of Confederation provided for a unicameral legislature with each state being allotted representatives based upon their total population, but each state had only 1 vote in the legislature. There were many flaws in this arrangement like the fact that there was no executive body; the fact that nine states had to agree to pass legislation; and crucially the AOC could not legislate in the following areas: The national government could not levy taxes, only request funds from the states. This resulted in the national government going into debt almost immediately. * The national government could not regulate commerce and each state had set up tariffs against the other. The result was a building economic recession. * The national government did not have exclusive control over the money supply. Each state and the national government had its own money supply. In the face of these crises, the elites (for want of a better word), of the thirteen states decided unilaterally to revise the AOC, and so the Constitution of 1787 was born. It is now time to examine to what extent the Constitution is an elitist document. â€Å"We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. â€Å"1 Superficially at least the Constitution can be said to be a very elitist document by virtue of the way in which it came into being. It was written by fifty-five men out of a population of approximately four million. If we consider that the framing of the Constitution to be the real beginning of the USA, which was in theory supposed to be a democracy, then we have to see the Constitution to be an elitist document because of the way in which the Founding Fathers (a tiny fraction of the population) decided to scrap the AOC and come up with an alternative behind closed doors, without the majority of the population knowing what was going on. Another superficial argument can be made based upon the fact that the delegates who signed the Constitution were as Thomas Jefferson put it â€Å"†¦ an assembly of demigods†. According to Dye and Zeigler â€Å"the men at the convention belonged to the nation's intellectual and economic elites†2. Therefore the Constitution was always going to be biased towards elites because even though the majority of the population were small freeholding farmers their views were not taken into account at the Convention for the simple reason that none of the delegates really came from that section of the nation. As I have said both these reasons are superficial, but if we get into the detail of the constitution then we can see that it is a very elitist document in several key areas. The first is economic elitism. The Constitution gave Congress â€Å"power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States†3. This is all well and good, but when taken with the fact that according to Article 1 Section 2 â€Å"Representatives [and direct taxes] shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers†4 – taxation and representation based upon population. This meant in essence that a rich man paid exactly the same amount of tax as a poor man regardless of his wealth, and if we consider that the men at the convention were all very we ll-off if not extremely rich, then whatever their intentions were the constitution could only benefit them and those like them. The Constitution also gave Congress the power to regulate commerce between the states. This regulation in concert with the provision that â€Å"No tax or duty shall be paid on articles exported from any state†5 created a huge free trade area were none had existed before, and of course this would be very beneficial to those American merchants – including many of the framers of the Constitution- that traded across the USA. Again we can see just how elitist the Constitution is because it benefits big business even though the majority of the population were small freeholders and small merchants that benefited from a certain degree of protectionism. Economic elitism can also be seen in the parts of the constitution that give Congress powers over the regulation and value of money, bankruptcy laws, weights and measures, and so forth. These powers would enhance financial stability in the nation and this move could only benefit the more economically orientated members of the Constitutional Convention. There is also evidence of military elitism within the Constitution. Section 8 of Article 1 provides for the creation of an army and navy. Naturally a nation needs an army and navy, but this act has to be seen in the context of just what the American elites gained from it. The Constitution concentrated the military might of the USA under the Commander in Chief aka the President. The President also had the power, with the advice of the senate, to make treaties and to send and receive ambassadors. We have seen that the Founding Fathers wished to create a strong centralised government and this concentration of military and diplomatic might gave them the ability to do just that, with the added benefit of giving them the means to put down any revolution that might occur. Therefore in this sense it can be shown that the Constitution is an elitist document since it enshrined the desires of the Founding Fathers for stability and freedom from revolution, and since the President who commanded all this great power would invariably be a member of the elites himself, their position within society could and would be safeguarded. Other instances of elitism within the Constitution are the sections that deal with slavery: â€Å"No person held to service or labour in one state, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labour, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labour may be due†6. As can be seen this section allows the continuation of the slave holding elites within American society, at a time when the idea of all men being equal was being bandied about. From the above we can see that the Constitution of the USA is elitist, then we have to ask the question that why, if the document is elitist, did the framers provide for public participation in the electoral process. Firstly, if we accept that the framers of the Constitution were the nation's elites, then we have to remember that above all else elites desire order and stability. Therefore at a very basic level the answer to the question would be that as elites (by their very definition) make up a tiny percentage of the populaton then it would be in their best interests to provide for public participation in the political process because of the possibility that the masses could rise up against them, as they themselves had rebelled against the British. But if we look at the question in detail we can see that the real reason that the framers provided for public participation in the political process was that the public's participation was extremely limited in scale. Examples of this would be the way in which the framers adopted the concept of the separation of powers and the system of checks and balances whereby legislative powers were vested in a Congress and Senate; executive powers in a President; and judicial powers in a Supreme Court. Each of these institutions were elected by different constituencies (or in the case of the Supreme Court appointed by the President), and each served different lengths of terms. This prevented the complete renewal of government at a stroke and created continuity within the national government, but regardless of any benefits that this system might have, the fact cannot be avoided that if the people wish to have a change of government, or make their feelings known at all, then they must wait years for it, which is hardly a fair system. The system of checks and balances also diminishes the public's participation in the political process, because, for example, the people elect a President who is radical and wishes to change the status quo, then he can issue executive orders, but Congress can override those orders, and if the president wishes to execute laws he has to rely on executive departments created by Congress. The best justification for this system comes from either James Madison or Alexander Hamilton when they wrote: Ambition must be made to counteract ambition. The interest of the man must be connected with the constitutional rights of the place. It may be a reflection on human nature, that such devices should be necessary to control the abuses of government. But what is government itself, but the greatest of all reflections on human nature? If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself. A dependence on the people is, no doubt, the primary control on the government; but experience has taught mankind the necessity of auxiliary precautions†. 7 Judicial Review is another key aspect of the system of checks and balances. This is basically an idea that arose from the Marbury v. Madison Case of 1803, whereby the Chief Justice argued that the Supreme Court had the power not only to invalidate laws passed by the lower courts, but also to invalidate laws passed by the elected Congress. From this we can see just how limited the public participation in the political process was because the Congress elected by the people was able to be overruled by the appointed Supreme Court. However the greatest example of how limited the public's participation was in the political process, was the way in which the elections were conducted. By this I mean specifically the elitist way in which the smaller states did not have the same degree of representation, and thus power of the larger states, for example Rhode Island had one representative in Congress, while Virginia had ten. And even this pales in comparison with the Electoral College. Essentially when the people vote in a presidential election they vote for delegates to the Electoral College who then choose the president from the candidates. What is wrong with this system is when you take into consideration that each state sends delegates to the Electoral College on a basis of population; and in each state the candidate with the most votes takes all the electoral votes (even if they win by only 1%); then those who did not vote for the candidate are effectively throwing their votes away. This system is further complicated by the fact that in the beginning the Electoral College was envisaged as a way for the elites to ensure that their preferred candidate got the job, and to enable them to ‘correct' any misjudgements the public might have made on polling day. In conclusion therefore it can be seen that the American Constitution is a very elitist document, by virtue of the way in which it was conceived; the men who wrote it; the economic elitism imbedded in the document and of course the military elitism. Secondly the question as to why the framers of the Constitution provided for public participation is an easy one – they provided for public participation because they had diluted it so much, and built in so many checks and balances that they did not have to worry about threats to stability and order, which were after all the greatest concerns of elites.

Effects of Prolonged Computer Usage Essay

With today’s technology wherein multimedia equipment are already part of almost every home and where the computer has become necessary tool in today’s education, the unlimited usage of the computers has definitely affected the academic performance of PT students. The purpose of this research is to know the Effects of Internet Usage to the PT Students’ Academic Performance. Universities may take effective measures and encourage students to teach how to evaluate information, to judge what is credible and what is false. Conceptual Framework Significance of the Study†¦ This study will be significant endeavour in knowing the effects of prolonged daily usage of computers on the academic performance of PT students. This study will also be beneficial to other students that use computers in their everyday lives. Moreover, this research will provide knowledge and understanding to the teachers and future researchers. Scope and Limitation†¦ This study will be focused on 20 PT Students and will aim to highlight the extent to which online activity can affect academic performance of PT students SY 2012-2013. The scope of effects of prolonged daily computer usage on academic performance of PT students derives a wide scope of related literature that is worth mentioning. Definition of Terms†¦ 1. Computer – Also called a â€Å"processor†. – An electronic device designed to accept data and perform mathematical and logical operations and display the results at high speed. 2. PT Students – The respondents of the research who are currently enrolled as second year Physical Therapy Students Batch 2016 in De La Salle Health Science Institute. 3. Physical Therapy – A branch of rehabilitative health that uses specially designed exercises and equipment to help patients regain or improve their physical abilities. Abbreviated PT. 4. Students – Denoting someone who is studying in order to enter a particular profession: â€Å"PT student†. 5. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome – A condition in which there is pressure on the median nerve, which is the nerve in the wrist that supplies feeling and movement to parts of the hand. It can lead to numbness, tingling, weakness, or muscle damage in the hand and fingers. Review of Related Literature†¦ In her book of â€Å"Education on the Internet†, Jill H. Ellsworth proclaims that the computer is a powerful releaser of emotion, motivation, and engagement for students. A way to communicate around the world, it can make any project more dynamic, and more interesting. Both teachers and students can be invigorated by the freshness and immediacy of the computer. The computer is a good resource, but until there are books and other needed resources the computer is a frill. Access to up-to-date information from around the world may assist in a lesson but Barrett L. Mosbacker expresses concerns when the computer takes on â€Å"a messianic quality†. If we encourage students to become addicted to continuously get bits of information from it, free of context and logical coherence, they will be ill-equipped for the rational dialog and analysis required for citizens in a civil and literate culture. Modern technology cannot substitute for a thorough reading of the great classics in literature, philosophy, and political history. Being technologically advanced and sophisticated is not the same thing as being literate and civilized. The quality of information on the computer should not be taken at face value. Information is not â€Å"true† simply because it is on the internet. Educators can utilize the computer to teach how to evaluate information, judge what is credible and what is false. In this regard, this literature review concerning the effects of computer usage to the academic performance of PT students, will address the following areas relevant to this study: * Importance of Computers; * Negative Effects of Prolonged Daily Usage of Computers; * Computer Use recommendations; * and the conclusion.. Importance of the Computer In the last decade the role of the computer has changed radically as the development of technology found new possibilities of using these ‘intelligent’ machines. Since the invention of the computer, a tool that has many useful purposes in college, such as researching a report, writing an essay, studying for an exam and creating presentations, students have spoiled themselves in its use and importance. However, computers also have a great number of negative effects on college students, affecting both health and academics. Students who are aware of these consequences are better prepared to make good choices regarding how much time they should spend on the computer and for what purposes. Negative Effects of Prolonged Daily Usage of Computers On Health: Frequent computer use often has effects on student health. One of the major negative effects is lack of sleep or difficulty sleeping. Students often use their computers for longer than they anticipate, lose track of time or find themselves making excuses to continue using their computer. In addition, frequent computer use can lead to physical problems, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, eyestrain, backache and headache. On Academics: Frequent computer use often has a negative effect on academic performance. PT students are often distracted by their computers and online activities, which can make them neglect their studies and homework, leading to declining grades. Some students attempt to multitask with their computers, such as chatting with friends through instant messaging while writing a research paper. This typically proves to be ineffective, and students who frequently use instant messaging while completing academic work often report declining grades. On Socialization: Computer use can have a negative effect on socialization. The Internet presents many opportunities for online socialization, particularly through instant messaging and online multiplayer games. However, frequent Internet users often withdraw from real life socialization opportunities, declining to participate in campus activities, study groups, parties or â€Å"hanging out† with friends to spend more time online. For instance, PT students who play online multiplayer video games play games about two-three times longer during a week than those playing more traditional games. Laptops (a factor): Students often bring their laptops to class for the purpose of quickly taking notes. Many classrooms are also equipped with wireless capabilities that students can use to access the Internet from their laptops. However, many students, like those we have in this school, particularly PT students, become distracted by their laptops, browsing the Internet or watching movies instead of taking notes or listening to the lesson. A professor at the University of Colorado at Boulder found that students in her classroom who used laptops performed, on average, 11 percent worse than nonlaptop using students. In addition, laptops can distract students sitting behind a laptop user. Some universities have banned the use of laptops in classrooms for these reasons. Recommendation on How to avoid Improper Use of Computer * Get a hobby or an interest that doesn’t involve the internet, video games, TV, cell phones, smartphones, portable media players or computers. Get involved with teams, clubs, sports, church, music, dancing, singing, etc. Go for a run with a friend or get exercise some other way. Go to bed on time and get a good night’s rest. Keep up with the local events in your community. There may be talks, film screenings, concerts, local sporting events, and book signings etc. Find some, as long as it is not on the internet, and get involved. * Limit your computer time. Make sure not to turn it on too many times a week. If you have a laptop, make sure to put it somewhere that you can remember but not somewhere that you see every day. Try keeping the lid closed when you are not using it; when the computer is not looking at you, you are less likely to use it. If you have a desktop PC, try not to go near it or put something over it like a sheet. * Try to stay off websites that are addictive. If you have problems getting off of these sites, just have someone else block these sites using your built in Content Advisor or if you are using Windows Vista, use the parental controls to control internet access and time on computer. * Regulate your sleeping pattern. A lot of people lose sleep while on the internet and mess up their sleeping pattern. It will be beneficial to you as you will become more organized and self disciplined. * Try using the computer at the library. You won’t be as tempted to look at certain websites (such as porn, etc.)and they do have a limit on how long you can stay online. Also, the library is a good place to get some good books and magazines to read, so you won’t be as tempted to be on the Internet at home.

Siege of Veracruz in the Mexican-American War

The Siege of Veracruz began on March 9 and ended on March 29, 1847, and was fought during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). With the beginning of the conflict in May 1846, American forces under Major General Zachary Taylor won quick victories at the Battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma before advancing to the fortress city of Monterrey. Attacking in September 1846, Taylor captured the city after a bloody battle. In the wake of the fighting, he angered President James K. Polk when he granted the Mexicans an eight-week armistice and allowed Monterreys defeated garrison to go free.   With Taylor at Monterrey, discussions began in Washington regarding future American strategy. It was decided that a strike directly at the Mexican capital at Mexico City would be the key to winning the war. As a 500-mile march from Monterrey over rugged terrain was deemed impractical, the decision was made to land on the coast near Veracruz and march inland. This decision made, Polk was forced to decide on a commander for the mission. A New Commander While Taylor was popular, he was an outspoken Whig who had frequently criticized Polk publicly. Polk, a Democrat, would have preferred one of his own, but lacking an appropriate candidate, selected Major General Winfield Scott who, though a Whig, posed less of a political threat.  To create Scotts invasion force, the bulk of Taylors veteran troops were ordered to the coast. Left south of Monterrey with a small army, Taylor successfully held off a much larger Mexican force at the Battle of Buena Vista in February 1847. The sitting General-in-Chief of the US Army, Scott was a more talented general than Taylor and had come to prominence during the War of 1812. In that conflict, he had proven one of the few able field commanders and earned praise for his performances at Chippawa and Lundys Lane. Scott continued to rise after the war, holding increasingly important posts and studying abroad, before being appointed general-in-chief in 1841. Organizing the Army On November 14, 1846, the US Navy captured the Mexican port of Tampico. Arriving at Lobos Island, fifty miles south of the city, on February 21, 1847, Scott found few of the 20,000 men he had been promised. Over the next several days, more men arrived and Scott came to command three divisions led by Brigadier Generals William Worth and David Twiggs, and Major General Robert Patterson. While the first two divisions were comprised of US Army regulars, Pattersons was made up of volunteer units drawn from Pennsylvania, New York, Illinois, Tennessee, and South Carolina. The armys infantry was supported by three regiments of dragoons under Colonel William Harney and multiple artillery units. By March 2, Scott had around 10,000 men and his transports began moving south protected by Commodore David Connors Home Squadron. Three days later, the lead ships arrived south of Veracruz and anchors off Anton Lizardo. Boarding the steamer Secretary on March 7, Connor and Scott reconnoitered the citys massive defenses. Armies Commanders: United States Major General Winfield Scott10,000 men Mexico Brigadier General Juan Morales3,360 men Americas First D-Day Considered the most heavily fortified city in the Western Hemisphere, Veracruz was walled and guarded by Forts Santiago and Concepcià ³n. In addition, the harbor was protected by the famed Fort San Juan de Ulà ºa which possessed 128 guns. Wishing to avoid the citys guns, Scott decided to land southeast of the city at Mocambo Bays Collado Beach. Moving into position, American forces prepared to go ashore on March 9. Covered by the guns of Connors ships, Worths men began moving towards the beach around 1:00 PM in specially designed surf boats. The only Mexican troops present were a small body of lancers which were driven off by naval gunfire. Racing ahead, Worth was the first American ashore and was quickly followed another 5,500 men. Facing no opposition, Scott landed the remainder of his army and began moving to invest the city. Investing Veracruz Sent north from the beachhead, Brigadier General Gideon Pillows brigade of Pattersons division defeated a force of Mexican cavalry at Malibrà ¡n. This severed the road to Alvarado and cut off the citys supply of fresh water. Pattersons other brigades, led by Brigadier Generals John Quitman and James Shields aided in holding off the enemy as Scotts men moved to surround Veracruz. The investment of the city was completed within three days and saw the Americans establish a line running from Playa Vergara south to Collado. Reducing the City Within the city, Brigadier General Juan Morales possessed 3,360 men as well as another 1,030 offshore at San Juan de Ulà ºa. Outnumbered, he hoped to hold the city until aid could arrive from the interior or the approaching yellow fever season began to reduce Scotts army. Though several of Scotts senior commanders wished to attempt a storming of the city, the methodical general insisted on reducing the city through siege tactics to avoid needless casualties. He insisted that the operation should cost the lives of no more than 100 men. Though a storm delayed the arrival of his siege guns, Scotts engineers including Captains Robert E. Lee and Joseph Johnston, as well as Lieutenant George McClellan began working to site gun emplacements and enhance the siege lines. On March 21, Commodore Matthew Perry arrived to relieve Connor. Perry offered six naval guns and their crews which Scott accepted. These were quickly emplaced by Lee. The next day, Scott demanded that Morales surrender the city. When this was refused, the American guns began bombarding the city. Though the defenders returned fire, they caused few injuries. No Relief The bombardment from Scotts lines was supported by Perrys ships offshore. On March 24, a Mexican soldier was captured carrying dispatches stating that General Antonio Là ³pez de Santa Anna was approaching the city with a relief force. Harneys dragoons were dispatched to investigate and located a force of around 2,000 Mexicans. To meet this threat, Scott dispatched Patterson with a force which drove off the enemy. The next day, the Mexicans in Veracruz requested a ceasefire and asked that women and children be allowed to leave the city. This was refused by Scott who believed it to be a delaying tactic. Resuming the bombardment, the artillery fire caused several fires in the city. On the night of March 25/26, Morales called a council of war. During the meeting, his officers recommended that he surrender the city. Morales was unwilling to do so and resigned leaving General Josà © Juan Landero to assume command. On March 26, the Mexicans again requested a ceasefire and Scott sent Worth to investigate. Returning with a note, Worth stated that he believed the Mexicans were stalling and offered to lead his division against the city. Scott declined and based on the language in the note, began surrender negotiations. After three days of talks, Morales agreed to surrender the city and San Juan de Ulà ºa. Aftermath Achieving his goal, Scott only lost 13 killed and 54 wounded in capturing the city. Mexican losses are less clear and were approximately 350-400 soldiers killed, as well as 100-600 civilians. Though initially chastised in the foreign press for the inhumanity of the bombardment, Scotts achievement in capturing a heavily fortified city with minimal losses was staggering. Establishing a large base at Veracruz, Scott quickly moved to get the bulk of his army away from the coast before yellow fever season. Leaving a small garrison to hold the city, the army departed on April 8 for Jalapa and began the campaign that would ultimately capture Mexico City.